Greenhouse Gas and Ozone Measurements from Aircraft in Alaska 2009 - 2011
Correcting for Methane Interferences on δ2H and δ18O Measurements in Pore Water Using H2O(liquid)–H2O(vapor) Equilibration Laser Spectroscopy
Cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) is a new and evolving technology that shows great promise for isotopic δ(18)O and δ(2)H analyses of pore water from equilibrated headspace H(2)O vapor from environmental and geologic cores. We show that naturally occurring levels of CH(4) can seriously interfere with CRDS spectra, leading to erroneous δ(18)O and δ(2)H results for water. We created a new CRDS correction algorithm to account for CH(4) concentrations typically observed in subsurface and anaerobic environments, such as ground waters or lake bottom sediments.
Correcting for Methane Interferences on δ2H and δ18O Measurements in Pore Water Using H2O(liquid)–H2O(vapor) Equilibration Laser Spectroscopy
Cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) is a new and evolving technology that shows great promise for isotopic δ(18)O and δ(2)H analyses of pore water from equilibrated headspace H(2)O vapor from environmental and geologic cores. We show that naturally occurring levels of CH(4) can seriously interfere with CRDS spectra, leading to erroneous δ(18)O and δ(2)H results for water. We created a new CRDS correction algorithm to account for CH(4) concentrations typically observed in subsurface and anaerobic environments, such as ground waters or lake bottom sediments.
Modeling soil metabolic processes using isotopologue pairs of position-specific13C-labeled glucose and pyruvate
We used metabolic tracers and modeling to analyze the response of soil metabolism to a sudden temperature change from 4 to 20 °C. We hypothesized that intact soil microbial communities would exhibit shifts in pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis activity as observed for individual microorganisms in pure culture, and that increased maintenance respiration at higher temperature would result in greater energy production and reduced carbon use efficiency (CUE). Two hours after temperature increase, respiration increased almost 10-fold.
Modeling soil metabolic processes using isotopologue pairs of position-specific13C-labeled glucose and pyruvate
We used metabolic tracers and modeling to analyze the response of soil metabolism to a sudden temperature change from 4 to 20 °C. We hypothesized that intact soil microbial communities would exhibit shifts in pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis activity as observed for individual microorganisms in pure culture, and that increased maintenance respiration at higher temperature would result in greater energy production and reduced carbon use efficiency (CUE). Two hours after temperature increase, respiration increased almost 10-fold.
δ18O anchoring to VPDB: calcite digestion with 18O-adjusted ortho-phosphoric acid
For anchoring CO2 isotopic measurements on the δ18OVPD-CO2 scale, the primary reference material (NBS 19 calcite) needs to be digested using concentrated ortho-phosphoric acid. During this procedure, great care must be taken to ensure that the isotopic composition of the liberated gas is accurate. Apart from controlling the reaction temperature to ±0.1°C, the potential for oxygen isotope exchange between the produced CO2 and water must be kept to a minimum. The water is usually assumed to reside on the walls in the headspace of the reaction vessel.
Effect of temperature on metabolic activity of intact microbial communities: Evidence for altered metabolic pathway activity but not for increased maintenance respiration and reduced carbon use efficiency
We used metabolic tracers and modeling to analyze the response of soil metabolism to a sudden temperature change from 4 to 20 °C. We hypothesized that intact soil microbial communities would exhibit shifts in pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis activity as observed for individual microorganisms in pure culture, and that increased maintenance respiration at higher temperature would result in greater energy production and reduced carbon use efficiency (CUE). Two hours after temperature increase, respiration increased almost 10-fold.
Probing carbon flux patterns through soil microbial metabolic networks using parallel position-specific tracer labeling
High Precision 13C/12C Measurement of Dissolved Carbon Using a Transportable Cavity Ring-Down Spectrophotometer System
The world’s first continuous flow isotopic TIC/DOC-CRDS measurements are reported here with remarkable achieved precisions. A measurement precision of the isotopic ratio in the range of 0.2 ‰ to 0.4 ‰ was achieved in minutes of measurement time. Such precision readily distinguishes the isotopic DIC and DOC signatures from a set of three different streamwater samples collected from various sites in Northern California.
High Precision 13C/12C Measurement of Dissolved Carbon Using a Transportable Cavity Ring-Down Spectrophotometer System
The world’s first continuous flow isotopic TIC/DOC-CRDS measurements are reported here with remarkable achieved precisions. A measurement precision of the isotopic ratio in the range of 0.2 ‰ to 0.4 ‰ was achieved in minutes of measurement time. Such precision readily distinguishes the isotopic DIC and DOC signatures from a set of three different streamwater samples collected from various sites in Northern California.
High Precision 13C/12C Measurement of Dissolved Carbon Using a Transportable Cavity Ring-Down Spectrophotometer System
The world’s first continuous flow isotopic TIC/DOC-CRDS measurements are reported here with remarkable achieved precisions. A measurement precision of the isotopic ratio in the range of 0.2 ‰ to 0.4 ‰ was achieved in minutes of measurement time. Such precision readily distinguishes the isotopic DIC and DOC signatures from a set of three different streamwater samples collected from various sites in Northern California.
Investigations of Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Samples for Isotopic Composition and Interfering Compounds Using CRDS
Hydrothermal fluids from two vent sites along the East Scotia Ridge, E2 and E9, were analyzed for their hydrogen and oxygen isotopic values using a Picarro L1115-i CRDS. The fluids display varying salinity, sulfate and hydrogen sulfide content. None of the samples analyzed in this work showed any signs of spectroscopic interference. Isotopic values of the fluids were combined with salinity, magnesium and silica measurements to determine the possible role of magmatic inputs and phase separation.
Measuring CO, CH4, CO2 & H2O Simultaneously Using New CRDS Technology to Characterize Urban Plumes & the Well-Mixed Atmosphere
Cavity Ring-Down spectroscopy is becoming a gold standard for atmospheric monitoring. High sensitivity and precision coupled with low drift characteristics ensure optimal operation even in remote field stations or on aircraft and ships. However, current platforms have been limited to two or three species simultaneous observation.
Measuring CO, CH4, CO2 & H2O Simultaneously Using New CRDS Technology to Characterize Urban Plumes & the Well-Mixed Atmosphere
Cavity Ring-Down spectroscopy is becoming a gold standard for atmospheric monitoring. High sensitivity and precision coupled with low drift characteristics ensure optimal operation even in remote field stations or on aircraft and ships. However, current platforms have been limited to two or three species simultaneous observation.
Measuring CO, CH4, CO2 & H2O Simultaneously Using New CRDS Technology to Characterize Urban Plumes & the Well-Mixed Atmosphere
Cavity Ring-Down spectroscopy is becoming a gold standard for atmospheric monitoring. High sensitivity and precision coupled with low drift characteristics ensure optimal operation even in remote field stations or on aircraft and ships. However, current platforms have been limited to two or three species simultaneous observation.
An Acetylene Tracer-Based Approach to Quantifying Methane Emissions from Distributed Sources Using Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy
The quantification of fugitive methane emissions from extended sources such as landfills is problematic due to the high temporal variability and spatial heterogeneity of the emission. Additionally, the relationship between the emission rate and the gas concentration at a given location is dependent on the meteorological conditions and local topography, preventing accurate quantification of the emission rate.
Hi-Resolution Observations of Stable Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotopes of Water and Water Vapor in California
The regulation of Earth’s climate and its ability to sustain life are critically linked to water as it exists in all three of its phases (gas, liquid, and solid). Earth’s water cycle, its movement between the hydrosphere, biosphere, and the atmosphere, and how it undergoes phase changes, is incredibly complex. While we continue to gain insight into the water cycle, there remains considerable uncertainty in predicting the impacts of future climate change on fresh water supplies and the welfare of life on our planet.
Toward continuous monitoring of seawater 13CO2/12CO2 isotope ratio and pCO2: Performance of cavity ringdown spectroscopy and gas matrix effects
Greenhouse Gas and Ozone Measurements from Aircraft in Alaska 2009 - 2011
Presentation Description:
The NOAA ESRL GMD Carbon Cycle and Greenhouse Gases Group’s aircraft network consists of 18 sites, mostly in North America, that conduct bi-weekly flask sampling over given locations to altitudes of 8000 m above sea level (masl). Most sites sample 12 flasks during an altitude profile, and through collaboration with GMD’s Ozone group, many conduct continuous ozone measurements as well. In March 2009, a new site in Alaska (site code ACG) was added to our network, through a collaborative effort with the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG).
Greenhouse Gas and Ozone Measurements from Aircraft in Alaska 2009 - 2011
Presentation Description:
The NOAA ESRL GMD Carbon Cycle and Greenhouse Gases Group’s aircraft network consists of 18 sites, mostly in North America, that conduct bi-weekly flask sampling over given locations to altitudes of 8000 m above sea level (masl). Most sites sample 12 flasks during an altitude profile, and through collaboration with GMD’s Ozone group, many conduct continuous ozone measurements as well. In March 2009, a new site in Alaska (site code ACG) was added to our network, through a collaborative effort with the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG).
A portable stable carbon isotope ratio analyzer for carbon dioxide, based on wavelength scanned cavity ringdown spectroscopy, has been used to detect, locate, and characterize an intentional leakage of CO2 from an underground pipeline at the ZERT experimental facility in Bozeman, Montana. Rapid (1 h) walking surveys of the 100 m x 100 m site surrounding the pipeline were collected using this mobile, real-time instrument.
A portable stable carbon isotope ratio analyzer for carbon dioxide, based on wavelength scanned cavity ringdown spectroscopy, has been used to detect, locate, and characterize an intentional leakage of CO2 from an underground pipeline at the ZERT experimental facility in Bozeman, Montana. Rapid (1 h) walking surveys of the 100 m x 100 m site surrounding the pipeline were collected using this mobile, real-time instrument.
Atmospheric monitoring of the CO2 CRC Otway Project and lessons for large scale CO2 storage projects
Monitoring is essential for the approval and control of geological storage of carbon dioxide and to judge the effectiveness of the technology in mitigating CO2 emissions and climate change. We present a strategy for monitoring the atmosphere in the vicinity of a geological storage project that is designed to detect and quantify potential emissions. The strategy includes measurements of CO2, CO2 fluxes and tracers, combined with model simulations of atmospheric dispersion and ecosystem CO2 fluxes.
Atmospheric monitoring of the CO2 CRC Otway Project and lessons for large scale CO2 storage projects
Monitoring is essential for the approval and control of geological storage of carbon dioxide and to judge the effectiveness of the technology in mitigating CO2 emissions and climate change. We present a strategy for monitoring the atmosphere in the vicinity of a geological storage project that is designed to detect and quantify potential emissions. The strategy includes measurements of CO2, CO2 fluxes and tracers, combined with model simulations of atmospheric dispersion and ecosystem CO2 fluxes.
LIAISON™: Fully-Automated Universal Interface for Bulk 13C High-Precision Isotope Analysis using Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy
Describes application and function of a the LIAISON, a new Picarro universal interface for high throughput analysis.
LIAISON™: Fully-Automated Universal Interface for Bulk 13C High-Precision Isotope Analysis using Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy
Describes application and function of a the LIAISON, a new Picarro universal interface for high throughput analysis.
LIAISON™: Fully-Automated Universal Interface for Bulk 13C High-Precision Isotope Analysis using Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy
Describes application and function of a the LIAISON, a new Picarro universal interface for high throughput analysis.
Continuous Flow—Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy: A Powerful Tool for Food Origin Analysis and Adulteration Detection
Describes use and methods for stable isotope-based food adulteration testing using Cavity Ring-Down Spectrometry.
Capturing small-scale variations of water isotopes in ambient air and natural waters of California: Results of field measurements using Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy
Describes field work conducted with Picarro water isotope analyzer for both water vapor and liquid water samples.
A Mid-IR, Cavity Ring-Down Spectrometer for Continuous Trace N2O and Nitrogen Isotope Measurements
Describes recent developments in CRDS instrumentation in the mid-infrared spectral region for applications using N2O isotopologue and trace concentration measurements.
Demonstration of High-Throughput Water Isotopologue Measurements Using Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy
Describes the flexibility of Picarro's fast water isotope analyzer for applications requiring very short sample-to-sample measurement times and shows data taken in lab and field measurements.
Compound Specific Isotope Analysis of Carbon using Cavity Ring-Down Spectrometry
Describes recent developments in GC-C-CRDS-based instrumentation applied to isotope measurements in large molecules.
A Mid-IR, Wavelength-Scanned, Cavity Ring-Down Spectrometer for Continuous Trace N2O and Nitrogen Isotope Measurements
Describes results from a Picarro N2O analyzer based in the mid-infrared spectral region.
Vertical Profiles of Greenhouse Gas Concentrations via Airborne Measurements.
Describes results of laboratory testing and field campaigns with Picarro's flight-ready greenhouse gas analyzer.
Field tests of a new WS-CRDS based, closed-path analyzer for simultaneous eddy covariance flux measurements of CO2 and methane.
Describes field testing of Picarro's fast analyzer for eddy covariance flux measurements of greenhouse gases.
Capturing small-scale variations of water isotopes in ambient air and natural waters of California: Results of field measurements using Wavelength Scanned Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy.
Describes liquid water and water vapor isotope measurements with the Picarro isotopic water analyzer.
Isotope Measurements Transformed Real-time, In-situ Point-of-origin Tracing with δ18O and δD in Water and δ13C in Complex Molecules.
Describes how CRDS works and shows hydrogen, oxygen and carbon isotope data for water vapor, evapotranspiration, food and agricultural applications.
Enabling Continuous, Field-Based Isotope and Greenhouse Gas Measurements with WS-CRDS-based Analyzers
Describes specific design aspects of WS-CRDS-based analyzers and how these details result in ultra-stable field measurements.
Bulk Stable Isotope Analysis of Carbon from Solids and Liquids using a Total Organic Carbon Analyzer Coupled to a Wavelength-Scanned Cavity Ring-Down Spectrophotometer
From the EGU 2009 General Assembly, describing measurements of edible oils and chocolates made with Picarro's iTOC-CRDS Isotopic Carbon Analyzer.
Wavelength-Scanned Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy: Opening New Doors for Tracing Water Isotopes in the Hydrosphere, Biosphere, and Atmosphere.
Describes work by INSTAAR, NOAA & Picarro on both liquid water and water vapor measurements of stable water isotopes.
Wavelength-Scanned Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy: Opening New Doors for Tracing Water Isotopes in the Hydrosphere, Biosphere, and Atmosphere.
Describes work by INSTAAR, NOAA & Picarro on both liquid water and water vapor measurements of stable water isotopes.
Wavelength-Scanned Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy: Opening New Doors for Tracing Water Isotopes in the Hydrosphere, Biosphere, and Atmosphere.
Describes work by INSTAAR, NOAA & Picarro on both liquid water and water vapor measurements of stable water isotopes.
Simultaneous Carbon Dioxide and Methane Eddy-Covariance Flux Measurements Using a High-Speed WS-CRDS Analyzer: Field Comparisons to Conventional AmeriFlux Systems
Describes the first field data taken by Oregon State University of Picarro's dual-species Eddy-Covariance analyzer.
Continuous Greenhouse Gas and Isotopic Carbon Dioxide Measurements via WS-CRDS Analyzers: Investigations in Real-Time Monitoring at CO2 Geological Storage Sites
Describing work by CSIRO, CO2 CRC and Picarro to characterize sequestration site leaks using tracers and isotopes.
Continuous Isotopic CO2 Measurements by Wavelength-Scanned Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy: Studies of Exchange Processes in Terrestrial Ecosystems
Picarro has developed an isotope analyzer for lab and field measurements of carbon isotopes in CO2 with the goal of allowing turnkey analysis to be done without the need for flask samples and complex IRMS methods. Here we present a description of the analyzer and its technology as well as recent results from two different collaborators who utilized the analyzer.
Continuous Isotopic CO2 Measurements by Wavelength-Scanned Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy: Studies of Exchange Processes in Terrestrial Ecosystems
Picarro has developed an isotope analyzer for lab and field measurements of carbon isotopes in CO2 with the goal of allowing turnkey analysis to be done without the need for flask samples and complex IRMS methods. Here we present a description of the analyzer and its technology as well as recent results from two different collaborators who utilized the analyzer.